Life in the eighteenth century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was signified by active interference of the Russian Empire in the politics of the state. Imperial army was continuously summoned to reinforce Russian interests and to support internal feuds of the Commonwealth. Lithuanian and Polish society was forced to reconcile with the presence of foreign army in the country, whereas Russian officers sought to utilize their presence in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in enhancing useful personal relationships and for the purposes of propaganda. The article explores the relationship between the society of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Russian officers in daily life, how both sides built this coexistence, and how it was changing depending on circumstances. Analysis of sources on everyday life of Vilnius showed that daily life of its citizens was burdened by the obligation of housing and feeding the army, although in ordinarily they tried not to confront this menacing power. Pe...

The reflection of the homeland, the Lithuanian nation, the native land is very important in Antanas Vaičiulaitis’ creative work and personal correspondence. Letters, written 1924–1992 reveal a creative being, closely related to the formation of the image of Lithuania, its embodiment and the preservation of the memory of the motherland. The image of the homeland is often conveyed by the symbolism of a lost paradise, accompanied by the feelings of a tragic denouement. The construct of homeland as a paradise began to emerge in the writer’s early childhood, in letters it is portrayed as a mythical Eden. Through the mother, the space of home and the nature surrounding it, the metaphor of the motherland-fortress was formed. By comparing the homeland with his beloved mother, Antanas Vaičiulaitis conveyed the great pain, caused by the Lithuanian occupation. The letters’ image of homeland-paradise is associated with the ideals of patriotism, holiness of childhood and family, faith and also ...

This article analyses social inequality and political processes in post-Communist Lithuania, using the neo-Weberian class theory of Robert Erikson, John Goldthorpe and Lucienne Portocarero (EGP). The opening section considers why the analysis of social structure, which was a central concern in classical sociology, has been so neglected in Lithuanian sociology since the restoration of independence. There are just two exceptions to this trend, discussed in the same section – Rūta Brazienė’s 2002 thesis and the 2005 volume edited by Arvydas Matulionis. The first part also compares inductive (data-driven) and deductive (theory-driven) methodologies of social structure analysis to substantiate the advantages of the latter for this article’s empirical analysis. The second part outlines EGP class theory, considered as a creative continuation of Weber’s classical analysis of social structure, and as a genuine alternative to Marx’s theory of classes and class struggle. EGP class theory is co...

The buildings of educational institutions built during the interwar period in Panevėžys are a unique part of the city‘s architectural heritage. Over a relatively short period in this city there where built quite a lot buildings for the educational institutions. Despite that, the architecture of these buildings is not analyzed thoroughly in the general context of lithuanian interwar architecture. The main purpose of this paper is to try to analyze the development of the architecture of educational institutions built during the interwar in Panevėžys.